1240AD FRANCE Saint KING LOUIS IX Cross OLD Silver Denier Medieval Coin i92572

Description

Item:
i92572
Authentic Coin of:
France
- Fuedal
Saint Louis IX - King: 8 November 1226 - 25 August 1270
Silver Denier 18mm (0.88 grams), struck circa 1240-1270  A.D.
Reference: Dy# 193
+ LVDOVICVS REX, Cross within beaded circle.
+ TVRONVS CIVIS, Castle with cross atop.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
Louis IX
(25 April 1214 - 25 August 1270), commonly known as
Saint Louis
or
Louis the Saint
, is the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church. Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII; his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom as regent until he reached maturity. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and obtained a definitive victory in the Albigensian Crusade, which had started 20 years earlier.
As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of his realm's most powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England attempted to restore the Angevin continental possessions, but was promptly routed at the Battle of Taillebourg. Louis annexed several provinces, notably parts of Aquitaine, Maine and Provence.
Louis IX is one of the most notable European monarchs of the Middle Ages. His reign is remembered as a medieval golden age in which the Kingdom of France reached an economic as well as political peak. His fellow European rulers esteemed him highly, not only for his pre-eminence in arms or the unmatched wealth of his kingdom, but also for his reputation of fairness and moral integrity: he was often asked to arbitrate their disputes.
He was a reformer and developed French royal justice, in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal for the amendment of a judgment. He banned trials by ordeal, tried to end the scourge of private wars, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce his new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs.
Honoring a vow he had made while praying for recovery during a serious illness, Louis IX led the Seventh and Eighth crusades against the Ayyubids, Bahriyya Mamluks and Hafsid Kingdom. He was captured in the first and ransomed. He died from dysentery during the latter, and was succeeded by his son Philip III.
In the eyes of his many admirers through the centuries, Louis IX has been regarded as the ideal Christian ruler, though contemporaries occasionally rebuked him as a "monk king".
3]
He is seen as inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion, a just king who exacted his due but strove to be fair to all, from the lowest peasant to the proudest noble. Moderate in his habits, reasonable, brave, kind, chivalrously polite and charming, he was a splendid knight beloved by all. Valuing Catholic orthodoxy, his laws punished blasphemy by mutilation of the tongue and lips. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him.
France
, officially the
French Republic
(French:
République française
), is a
sovereign state
comprising territory in western
Europe
and several
overseas regions and territories
. The European part of France, called
Metropolitan France
, extends from the
Mediterranean Sea
to the
English Channel
and the
North Sea
, and from the
Rhine
to the
Atlantic Ocean
. France spans 640,679 square kilometres (247,368 sq mi) and has a total population of 67 million. It is a
unitary
semi-presidential
republic
with the
capital
in
Paris
, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. The
Constitution of France
establishes the state as
secular
and democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.
During the
Iron Age
, what is now Metropolitan France was inhabited by the
Gauls
, a
Celtic
people. The Gauls were conquered in 51 BC by the
Roman Empire
, which held Gaul until 486. The
Gallo-Romans
faced raids and migration from the
Germanic
Franks
, who dominated the region for hundreds of years, eventually creating the medieval
Kingdom of France
. France emerged as a major European power in the
Late Middle Ages
, with its victory in the
Hundred Years' War
(1337 to 1453) strengthening French
state-building
and paving the way for a future centralized
absolute monarchy
. During the
Renaissance
, France experienced a vast cultural development and established the beginning of a
global colonial empire
. The 16th century was dominated by
religious civil wars
between
Catholics
and
Protestants
(
Huguenots
).
France became Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power under
Louis XIV
. French philosophers played a key role in the
Age of Enlightenment
during the
18th century
. In
1778
, France became the first and the main ally of the new
United States
in the
American Revolutionary War
. In the late 18th century, the
absolute monarchy
was overthrown in the
French Revolution
. Among its legacies was the
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
, one of the earliest documents on
human rights
, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France became one of modern history's earliest
republics
until
Napoleon
took power and launched the
First French Empire
in 1804. Fighting against a complex set of coalitions during the
Napoleonic Wars
, he dominated European affairs for over a decade and had a long-lasting impact on Western culture. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments: the
monarchy was restored
, it was replaced in 1830 by a
constitutional monarchy
, then briefly by a
Second Republic
, and then by a
Second Empire
, until a more lasting
French Third Republic
was established in 1870.
By the 1905 law
, France adopted a strict form of
secularism
, called
laïcité
, which has become an important federative
principle
in the modern French society.
France reached its territorial height during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when it ultimately possessed the
second-largest colonial empire
in the world. In
World War I
, France was one of the main winners as part of the
Triple Entente
alliance fighting against the
Central Powers
. France was also one of the
Allied Powers
in
World War II
, but came under
occupation
by the
Axis Powers
in 1940. Following
liberation
in 1944, a
Fourth Republic
was established and later dissolved in the course of the
Algerian War
. The
Fifth Republic
, led by
Charles de Gaulle
, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Following
World War II
, most of the
empire
became
decolonized
.
Throughout its
long history
, France has been a leading global center of culture, making significant contributions to
art
,
science
, and
philosophy
. It hosts Europe's
third-largest
number of cultural
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
(after
Italy
and
Spain
) and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, the most of any country in the world. France remains a
great power
with significant
cultural
,
economic
,
military
, and
political
influence. It is a
developed country
with the world's
sixth-largest economy
by
nominal GDP
and
eight-largest
by
purchasing power parity
. According to
Credit Suisse
, France is the fourth wealthiest nation in the world in terms of aggregate household wealth. It also possesses the world's second-largest
exclusive economic zone
(EEZ), covering 11,035,000 square kilometres (4,261,000 sq mi).
French citizens enjoy a high
standard of living
, and the country performs well in
international rankings
of
education
,
health care
,
life expectancy
, civil liberties, and
human development
. France is a founding member of the
United Nations
, where it serves as one of the five
permanent members of the UN Security Council
. It is a member of the
Group of 7
,
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO),
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), the
World Trade Organization
(WTO), and
La Francophonie
. France is a
founding
and
leading
member state of the European Union
(EU).
Frequently Asked Questions
Mr. Ilya Zlobin
, world-renowned expert numismatist, enthusiast, author and dealer in authentic ancient Greek, ancient Roman, ancient Byzantine, world coins & more.
Who am I dealing with?
You are dealing with Ilya Zlobin, ancient coin expert, enthusiast, author and dealer with an online store having a selection of over 15,000 items with great positive feedback from verified buyers and over 10 years experience dealing with over 57,000 ancient and world coins and artifacts. Ilya Zlobin is an independent individual who has a passion for coin collecting, research and understanding the importance of the historical context and significance all coins and objects represent. Most others are only concerned with selling you, Ilya Zlobin is most interested in educating you on the subject, and providing the largest selection, most professional presentation and service for the best long-term value for collectors worldwide creating returning patrons sharing in the passion of ancient and world coin collecting for a lifetime.
How long until my order is shipped?
Orders are shipped by the next business day (after receipt of payment) most of the time.
How will I know when the order was shipped?
After your order has shipped, you will be left positive feedback, and that date could be used as a basis of estimating an arrival date. Any tracking number would be found under your 'Purchase history' tab.
USPS First Class mail takes about 3-5 business days to arrive in the U.S. International shipping times cannot be estimated as they vary from country to country.
Standard international mail to many countries
does not
include a tracking number, and can also be slow sometimes.
For a tracking number and signature confirmation, you may want to do Express Mail International Shipping, which costs more, however, is the fastest and most secure. Additionally you may be able to receive your order in as little as 3-5 business days using this method. For Express Mail International, it may be possible to place up to 10-15 items in one package (for the one shipping cost) as it is flat rate envelope, which may be the most cost-effective, secure and fastest way to receive items internationally. Send me a message about this and I can update your invoice should you want this method.
Getting your order to you, quickly and securely is a top priority and is taken seriously here.
Great care is taken in packaging and mailing every item securely and quickly.
Please be aware, I cannot take responsibility for any postal service delivery delays, especially for international packages as it may happen in rare instances.
What is a certificate of authenticity and what guarantees do you give that the item is authentic?
Each of the items sold here, is provided with a Certificate of Authenticity, and a Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity, issued by a world-renowned numismatic and antique expert that has identified over 57,000 ancient coins and has provided them with the same guarantee. You will be very happy with what you get with the COA; a professional presentation of the coin, with all of the relevant information and a picture of the coin you saw in the listing. Additionally, the coin is inside it's own protective coin flip (holder), with a 2x2 inch description of the coin matching the individual number on the COA.
On the free-market such a presentation alone, can be considered a - value all in itself, and it comes standard with your purchases from me,
FREE.
With every purchase, you are leveraging my many years of experience to get a more complete context and understanding of the piece of history you are getting. Whether your goal is to collect or give the item as a gift, coins presented like this could be more prized and valued higher than items that were not given such care and attention to.
Buy a coin today and own a piece of history, guaranteed.
Is there a money back guarantee?
I offer a 30 day unconditional money back guarantee. I stand behind my coins and would be willing to exchange your order for either store credit towards other coins, or refund, minus shipping expenses, within 30 days from the receipt of your order. My goal is to have the returning customers for a lifetime, and I am so sure in my coins, their authenticity, numismatic value and beauty, I can offer such a guarantee.
When should I leave feedback?
Once you receive your order, please leave a positive feedback. Please don't leave any negative feedbacks, as it happens sometimes that people rush to leave feedback before letting sufficient time for their order to arrive. Also, if you sent an email, make sure to check for my reply in your messages before claiming that you didn't receive a response. The matter of fact is that any issues can be resolved, as reputation is most important to me. My goal is to provide superior products and quality of service.
How and where do I learn more about collecting ancient coins?
Visit the "
Guide on How to Use My Store
" for on an overview about using my store, with additional information and links to all other parts of my store which may include educational information on topics you are looking for.